STARLING POPULATION CRASHES ACROSS EUROPE
53.5% decline in Merseyside
With its cheeky nature and chirpy, chattering song, the starling is one of our most recognisable birds, but
figures show that 40 million starlings
have disappeared from the European Union, including the UK, since 1980.
In Cheshire, starlings have declined 59% over the
past two decades. The crash is triggering concern about the bird’s future
status as a widespread and
familiar species.
In the UK, the RSPB has launched a research project
to see why this bird’s population
is in freefall here too. In 2002 the starling was added to the UK ‘red list’ of the Birds of Conservation
Concern, because its population
had halved during the previous three decades.
Each winter, the UK’s starling numbers are boosted by birds
arriving from continental Europe. There is evidence of a decline in the
number of starlings visiting Britain in winter, and this could be linked to the decline elsewhere in Europe.
The RSPB’s Dr Richard Gregory heads up the Society’s bird monitoring section. Commenting on the starling’s
decline, he said: “The starling is
still a plentiful bird, but its numbers are falling alarmingly.” For example, the numbers recorded in
winter by the RSPB’s annual Big Garden Birdwatch
have fallen by 80 per cent since 1979, and by nearly a third in just ten years.
Dr Gregory added: “Our records show that we have lost more starlings across Europe than any other farmland bird. Forty
million starlings lost represent
over 150 for every hour since the 1980s. This loss should be a wake-up call, because we
ignore the decline of nature at our
own peril.”
Dr Will Peach, who is leading the research into the starling decline in the UK, said: “It is figures like these which
have convinced us of the need for
action, which is why we are launching a research programme to unravel the mystery of this bird’s
disappearance.”
There have been several theories put forward to explain the starling’s decline. In parts of Europe, suggestions include the loss of
grassland through conversion to
forestry land and the growing of crops. But these changes haven’t affected the UK in the same way, so the reasons for the rapid contraction in the UK are not understood.
Working in Somerset and Gloucestershire, RSPB researchers will be working with farmers to examine
whether there is sufficient food and nesting
sites for starlings in livestock areas. Starlings feed by probing lawns and pastures with their
longish bills, looking for soil invertebrates,
including leatherjackets. These leatherjackets – cranefly larvae - are widely regarded
as pests, so starlings provide a good
service for farmers and gardeners. Part of the study will examine the food supply of these pastures to
assess whether starlings can find Martin
Harper, is the RSPB’s Conservation Director. He added: “We don’t know the reasons for the starling’s
decline, but we hope that our research
will yield the answers to ensure this bird has a secure future.
“Understanding exactly what is causing these declines will allow us to develop practical and cost-effective
solutions for land managers and farmers.
These could then be delivered through wildlife-friendly farming schemes and other policy
interventions. But only if Europe and our Government
grow this vital source of funding as they reform the CAP and agree the European budget over the
next few months.”
In the English counties between 1993 and 2012,
the following trends were
recorded :
Bedfordshire, 59.3% decrease; Berkshire, 76.5% decrease; Bristol, 76.8% decrease; Buckinghamshire, 52.2%
decrease; Cambridgeshire, 66.8% decrease;
Cheshire, 58.9% decrease; Cornwall, 42.5% decrease; County Durham, 18.6% increase; Cumbria, 29.3%
decrease; Derbyshire, 69.2% decrease; Devon, 67.7% decrease; Dorset, 32.8% decrease; East Sussex, 59.6% decrease; East Yorkshire, 56.5%
decrease; Essex, 52.4% decrease; Gloucestershire,
77.5% decrease; Greater London, 62.8% decrease; Greater Manchester, 41.3% decrease;
Hampshire, 68.5% decrease; Herefordshire,
78.3% decrease; Hertfordshire, 63.2% decrease; Kent, 69.1% decrease; Lancashire, 29.8%
decrease; Leicestershire, 79.9% decrease;
Lincolnshire, 56.7% decrease; Merseyside, 53.5% decrease; Norfolk, 66.5% decrease; North
Yorkshire, 9.9% decrease; Northamptonshire,
70.1% decrease; Northumberland, 14.4% Increase; Nottinghamshire, 65.0% decrease;
Oxfordshire, 80.4% decrease; Shropshire,
47.5% decrease; Somerset, 59.7% decrease; South Yorkshire, 67.1% decrease; Staffordshire, 60.2%
decrease; Suffolk, 38.4% decrease; Surrey,
57.7% decrease; Tyne and Wear, 47.7% decrease; Warwickshire, 74.5% decrease; West Midlands, 66.6%
decrease; West Sussex, 71.8% decrease;
West Yorkshire, 42.2% decrease; Wiltshire, 74.1% decrease; and Worcestershire, 70.1% decrease.
